Third European Congress of Virology

On the odd occasion, this virus undergoes mutations to form a new virus strain that is able to pass from human to another with relative ease. Therefore, it has been concluded that the strain that is responsible for the 2009 swine flu outbreak, has undergone such a mutation.

What is Swine Influenza?

Swine influenza virus, endemic to pig populations, is said to be caused by the Orthomyxo viruses. Strains of the swine flu virus, isolated to date, have been classified as a subtype of the genus influenza virus A. The new strain is an obvious reassortment of several strains of influenza A virus subtype H1N1, which include a strain that is endemic in humans and two strains that are endemic in pigs, as well as an avian influenza virus. Reassortment is common feature in influenza viruses; this is because of the structure of their genome. However, this particular reassortment is consistent with its ability to transmit the mutated virus from pigs to humans. In the current scenario, the outbreak of this disease has been termed as the “public health emergency of international concern,” by the World Health Organization. Moreover, most concerned officials lack any knowledge with regard to its clinical features, epidemiology, and virology as well as the appropriate responses needed as a result. All the concerned government health agencies around the world are monitoring the situation closely. Swine flu is spread amongst humans on contact. The spread of the 2009 swine flu outbreak owes its existence to a new strain of H1N1 influenza virus, which was first detected in March 2009 by public health officials. There are serious concerns expressed about this novel strain because it has had a relatively high mortality rate in Mexico, and now has the potential to become a full fledged flu pandemic.

How is swine flu prevented?

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Genital warts are something that everyone doesn’t want to have. They are a serious sexually transmitted disease that is hard to deal with. Genital warts look like little bumps that form around the penis or in and on the vagina, the cervix and the anus. The bumps are annoying and will cause you discomfort. That’s why it is so important to have it taken care of right away.

HPV causes this disease. This virus is passed when people engage in all types of sexual conduct and can only be transmitted when you become very intimate with your partner. Know what your genitals are supposed to look like when they are healthy. The sooner you can identify any signs of genital warts, the sooner you can be treated. If you are sexually active — even if you are monogamous, check your genitals and anus for any strange lumps, bumps or swellings. Genital warts are signs that you have a sexually transmitted disease, given to you by your partner.

Genital wart signs are generally ignored because a lot of genital warts grow on hidden areas tucked up into the body cavities. However, it doesn’t take a lot to know when something is not right. Genital wart signs include: (1) bleeding from your anus or genitals, especially after sex, (2) a strange discharge from your anus or genitals, (3) blood in your stools, (4) itchy and/or swollen genitals and anus, (5) problems urinating because a wart has gotten in the way (this usually happens only to men).

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Hi , i sonali i am a Pharmacist and i am in research and development field (virology) and i dream of making this worl free of HIV and AIDS, a dream of a world free from HIV and AIDS disease .
I dream that there will be no loss of life due to AIDS.
HIV has done greatest damage to our society so that , this is time to think seriously .
It is very easy and simple to prevent some one from getting HIV virus infection, than to struggle for saving life after some one is infected with HIV .I am writing for this cause since last 10 years, i am thinking of a world free of this disease.I am thinking to make every one to understand and make them aware of this disease, its transmission and steps for prevention.
HIV infection and AIDS is the fifth leading cause of death among people aged 25-44 in the United States, therefore it is very important that we educate peoples about , how HIV virus is transmitted , which are the precautions they should take so that they don’t get HIV virus infection.
Looking at the number of readers of this website , where many peoples read articles on almost every thing , about their health and fitness issues .I am taking an opportunity to spread awareness about HIV infection and preventive steps by writing this article .
What is AIDS and AIDS symptoms
AIDS is abbreviation of term ‘Acquired immune deficiency syndrome’ used to refer the disease caused after infection of HIV virus, it is final and most serious stage of HIV infection, which causes severe damage to the immune system.
Prevention of HIV virus infection
HIV virus is called as human immunodeficiency virus causes AIDS. HIV virus attacks the immune system and make human body vulnerable to a variety of life-threatening infections and cancers.
Bacterias, yeasts, parasites, and viruses which form normal human flora and which do not causes serious disease in peoples not infected with HIV, but causes fatal illnesses in individuals with HIV virus infection and AIDS.
HIV virus has been found in saliva, tears, nervous system tissue and spinal fluid, blood, semen (including pre-seminal fluid, which is the liquid that comes out prior to ejaculation), vaginal fluid, and breast milk.
How HIV virus is transmitted and how to prevent .
HIV virus is transmitted through sexual contact ,including oral, vaginal, and anal sex condoms should be used , but they too are not 100 % reliable .
Avoid having sex with unknown person or a person HIV infection.
Through blood , via blood transfusions , after it is made compulsory to check blood donor and blood being given for HIV , there is almost 100 % control over this mode of transmission .
Sharing needle for drug injection by drug addicts.
Do not shair needles for such use , such use should be discouraged.
Mother to child transmission of HIV virus :
A pregnant woman can transmit the virus to her fetus through their shared blood circulation, or a nursing mother can transmit it to her baby in her milk , hence breast feeding in such cases should be avoided.
Mother is the most precious thing for all of us , and for a mother her child is precious than her life , and women is the mother of every one of us , we should take all possible measures to protect them from HIV virus.
Other transmission modes are rare which include accidental needle prick, artificial insemination with infected donated semen. Organ transplantation with infected organs.
How HIV infection is not spread.
Casual contact such as hugging, by touching items previously touched by a person infected with the virus, during participation in sports, or by mosquitoes.
HIV virus is not transmitted to a person who donate blood or organs, as all these procedures, sterile needles and instruments are used.
However, HIV virus can be transmitted to a person receiving blood or organs from an infected donor,now there is no such risk as blood banks and organ donor programs which screen donors, blood, and tissues thoroughly for HIV virus infection.
Who has highest risk for getting
HIV virus infection are following groups of peoples:
Who are indulged in use of intravenous drugs, who share needles ,they should avoid such practice.
Infants born to mothers with HIV, who has not received any anti retro viral medicines during pregnancy (If such mother takes medicine well before delivery of her baby there is less risk of transmission of HIV virus.)
Who do unprotected sex, use of condom will provide protection against the transmission but it is not 100% reliable, hence one should avoid sex with a unknown person or a person with HIV infection.
People who might have received blood transfusions or clotting products between 1977 and 1985 when standard screening for the virus was not in place.
Those who participate in high-risk activities (such as anal sex) are at high risk.

This disease AIDS starts with HIV virus infection.Individuals infected with HIV virus may do not show any symptoms for 10 years or more, but they do transmit HIV virus infection to others during this symptom-free period if they do not take precautions.
At the same time, if the infection is not detected and is not treated with currently available anti retro viral drugs, the immune system becomes gradually weak, and the person develops AIDS.
Therefore early treatment with antiretroviral is must so that patient with HIV infection can keep control over CD4 cells count , and a HIV positive person can live a better life, as per who guidelines for pharmaceuticals for treating HIV infection WHO recommends use of combination of retro-viral drugs which are most effective .
Acute HIV infection progresses over the time usually a few weeks to months from no symptoms (asymptomatic) , and then to early symptomatic (some AIDS symptoms) HIV infection , further it progresses to AIDS (very advanced HIV infection where T-cell count below 200 ).
Who ever is infected with HIV, if not treated, will develop AIDS.
In some peoples who develop AIDS at a very slow rate, or never at all , this is because of genetic factors .These patients are called nonprogressors, a genetic difference in such peoples prevents HIV virus from damaging their immune system.
A very important aspect of dealing with this disease is to take care of every one who is affected with this disease.Worlds most of the affected peoples are from poor section of society , we should provide them free medicines and we should take care of them.
Instead of wasting money for wars and for weapons,if every nation in this world think of spending about 1 % of the money what they spend for wars and for weapons , to provide free medication and care for HIV infected peoples , we can reduce the number oflives lost because of this disease, poor mothers who are affected with HIV, and children’s in every corner of this world would be able to live their life in this beautiful world .
Dreams ! dreams dreams!.
Dreams become thought ! thought are transformed in to reality !.
More number of peoples like us dream for making this world free of HIV !.
More are the chances of achieving this goal !.
So join me !, spread the awareness about HIV virus and AIDS through out this world.

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